Are Mules Fertile?

Mary Shortridge Mules

Nutrition of Horses and Mules

THE PRINCIPLES of the nutrition of horses and mules ^ fundamentalh^ are not unlike those of other domestic livestock. Thus^ for body building and maintenance, for growth, and for production, the horse and mule have need for protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and vitamins, much as these essentials are required for similar vital processes by cattle, sheep, swine, and poultry. The relative im...

Mice Lacking Hbp1 Function Are Viable and Fertile

Fetal germ cell development is tightly regulated by the somatic cell environment, and is characterised by cell cycle states that differ between XY and XX gonads. In the testis, gonocytes enter G1/G0 arrest from 12.5 days post coitum (dpc) in mice and maintain cell cycle arrest until after birth. Failure to correctly maintain G1/G0 arrest can result in loss of germ cells or, conversely, germ cel...

Rice MULEs Transpose in Yeast

Named for their mutational effect, Mutatorlike transposable elements (MULEs) in plant genomes transpose frequently and can also acquire pieces of genomic DNA, forming Pack-MULEs; movement and recombination of genomic fragments by Pack-MULEs can alter the regulation of existing genes and may form new genes (Jiang et al., 2004; reviewed in Chénais et al., 2012). MULEs have terminal inverted repea...

Internal Parasites of Horses and Mules

THE DOMESTIC EQUINES provide shelter and subsistence to approximately 150 kinds of protozoa and worms which live, as internal parasites.^ There are few horse owners who have not had some first-hand experience with many of these, and nearly everyone is familiar, in one way or another, with at least some of them. Among the protozoa are the blood-inhabiting trypanosomes and piroplasmata, the cilia...